Garlic is closely related to the onion, shallot, and leek. Alternate names

Medicinal parts used

• 
  The portion of the plant most often consumed is an underground storage structure called a head
  
• 
  A head of garlic is composed of a dozen or more discrete cloves
  
• 
  Garlic actually creates the chemicals that give it its sharp flavor when the plant’s cells are damaged, as when the clove is broken by chopping, chewing, or crushing
  

Uses

• 
  High cholesterol (evidence is mixed)
  
• 
  Atherosclerosis
  
• 
  High blood pressure (evidence is mixed)
  
• 
  Possibly useful in preventing certain types of cancer, including stomach cancer, although no clinical studies have proven this
  

How it works

• 
  When garlic is crushed or finely chopped it yields allicin, a powerful antibiotic and antifungal compound
  

Side effects and warnings

• 
  Most adults can use garlic safely
  
• 
  People taking insulin need to use caution when consuming medicinal amounts of garlic, because garlic may help to regulate blood sugar levels
  
• 
  Use with anticoagulants could increase risk of bleeding
  
• 
  If preparing garlic-oil combination, it is important to store properly—not at room temperature—and to always add acid to prevent botulism spores from growing
  

References and recommended readings

MedlinePlus. Garlic. Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/300.html. Accessed March 29, 2011.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Garlic. Available at: http://nccam.nih.gov/health/garlic/ataglance.htm. Accessed March 29, 2011.

Review Date 5/11

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